Cupping: Traditional method of improving blood circulation

Cupping: Traditional method of improving blood circulation

Cupping, a practice rooted in deep traditions, is experiencing a remarkable renaissance in modern medicine. From ancient civilizations to the present day, this fascinating method of promoting blood circulation has continually evolved and undergone adaptations to counteract a wide variety of health problems. But what exactly is behind this centuries-old technology, and to what extent are its positive effects proven by science? This article examines the historical development of cupping therapy, delves into the scientific foundations of the practice, and also provides a comprehensive guide to its safe and effective use. By bringing together current research and historical insights, this analysis aims to unravel the complexities and dynamics of cupping and encourages viewing traditional healing methods in a new light.

Historical development of cupping therapy: From ancient origins to modern practice

Cupping therapy, a form of alternative medicine that uses cupping glasses to create negative pressure on the skin, has its origins in various ancient civilizations. As early as 1,500 B.C. Descriptions of this form of therapy were found in Egypt in the 1st century BC. The method was also used by the ancient Greeks, including the famous physician Hippocrates (ca. 460-370 B.C.), and later became more widespread in the Roman Empire and Europe in the Middle Ages. Cupping has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since around 1,000 BC. Used there, where it represents an integral part of therapeutic practice.

The historical evolution of cupping therapy over the centuries shows a remarkable consistency in the basic application method, but also significant regional adaptations and expansions of the technique. Originally, animal horns or bamboo vessels were used, later glasses or metal bells. The introduction of bell jars, which could easily create a vacuum by applying heat, represented an important advance.

With the enlightenment and advances in scientific medicine in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the popularity of cupping therapy declined in the Western world. It was increasingly viewed as part of folk medicine and its practice shifted to the area of ​​alternative or complementary healing methods. However, it remained a common form of treatment in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Middle East.

The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw a resurgence of interest in cupping therapy, not least due to the public visibility of athletes and celebrities who underwent the treatment. Modern cupping is often used in conjunction with other forms of therapy such as massage, acupuncture or physiotherapy. There are several types of cupping used in modern practice, including dry cupping, in which no incision is made in the skin, and bloody cupping, in which small incisions are made before negative pressure is created.

Integrative medicine, which promotes the combination of alternative and conventional therapy methods, is increasingly viewing cupping as a complementary treatment option for a variety of complaints. Despite its historical roots and widespread use, cupping therapy still lacks comprehensive, scientifically based studies that could clearly demonstrate its effectiveness and safety.

Scientific foundation of cupping: An overview of current studies on its effectiveness

Cupping, a form of therapy with a long history, is often used for its potential therapeutic benefits in various clinical situations. In recent years, numerous scientific studies have focused on examining the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of cupping. It has been used in a variety of contexts, including pain management, promoting blood flow, and as an adjuvant therapy for musculoskeletal disorders.

A meta-analysis published in the journal PLOS ONE shows that cupping therapy can effectively reduce pain, especially in patients with chronic neck and back pain. However, the research also highlighted the need for further high-quality studies to support these findings.

Another important aspect that is being researched is the effect of cupping on local blood flow. A study published in the “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine” demonstrated that local skin blood flow increased significantly in the area of ​​cupping. This supports the traditional belief that cupping can help promote blood circulation.

The safety of cupping is another important issue. While cupping is generally considered safe when performed by trained professionals, occasional side effects such as bruising, pain, or skin infection may occur. Adequate training and knowledge of correct techniques are therefore crucial to minimize the risks.

In terms of scientific foundation, there are different types of cupping, such as dry cupping and bloody cupping, each with different mechanisms of action and areas of application. Research tends to focus on specific types, making it difficult to directly compare study results.

In conclusion, scientific research provides evidence of the effectiveness of cupping in certain areas, particularly pain management and promoting blood circulation. Nevertheless, further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to develop a comprehensive understanding of all therapeutic potential and the mechanisms behind cupping.

Practical Use and Safety Instructions: A Guide to Correctly Performing Cupping Therapy

Correct implementation of cupping therapy is crucial to its effectiveness and safety. There are different cupping methods, including dry cupping, in which a vacuum is created on the skin without making any cuts, and bloody cupping, in which small incisions are made on the skin before the vacuum is applied. Both methods aim to promote blood circulation, relieve pain and promote healing.

• Vorbereitung: Vor der Anwendung sollte die zu behandelnde Hautstelle gereinigt werden. Das Equipment, insbesondere die Schröpfgläser, müssen steril sein. Entscheidend ist zudem die Wahl des richtigen Ortes für die Ansetzung der Gläser, der je nach Behandlungsziel variiert.
• Durchführung: Beim trockenen Schröpfen wird ein Schröpfglas auf die Haut gesetzt, und mittels einer Pumpe oder durch Erwärmung ein Unterdruck erzeugt. Beim blutigen Schröpfen werden vorher kleine Hautschnitte gesetzt. Die Dauer, wie lange die Gläser auf der Haut bleiben, variiert, sollte aber in der Regel 5 bis 15 Minuten nicht überschreiten.
• Nachsorge: Nach der Behandlung kann die behandelte Hautstelle gerötet sein und eventuell leichte Blutergüsse aufweisen. Eine angemessene Nachsorge umfasst die Desinfektion der Haut und das Auftragen einer beruhigenden Salbe.

The safety of cupping therapy depends heavily on correct use and hygiene. Contraindications should be taken into account. People for whom cupping is not suitable include:

• Schwangere
• Personen mit schweren Hautkrankheiten
• Personen mit Blutgerinnungsstörungen

Thorough training and experience in cupping therapy is also required for safe use. Professionals should therefore always monitor the implementation or users should at least receive thorough instructions before using cupping therapy on themselves.

Correctly carried out cupping therapy can therefore be an effective method of supporting physical health if the safety instructions described are followed.

In conclusion, cupping therapy is a method with a long historical tradition that is now used in both alternative medicine and modern scientific research. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of the historical development, the scientific basis as well as the correct application and safety instructions for cupping. Despite its reputation in various cultures over centuries, those interested should be aware that the effectiveness of cupping can vary depending on the condition and individual situation. Current science provides evidence of potential health benefits that may be associated with cupping therapy, but at the same time emphasizes the need for further research to clearly demonstrate these benefits and further refine the methodology. Individuals considering trying this form of therapy are advised to consult qualified professionals first and not to undertake therapy on their own without appropriate guidance and expertise. This not only ensures safety, but also achieves the greatest possible health benefit.

Sources and further reading

References

• Ahmed, S.M., Madbouly, N.H., Maklad, S.S. & Abu-Shady, E.A. (2005). Immunomodulatory effects of blood letting cupping therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Egyptian Journal of Immunology, 12(2), 39-51.
• Al-Bedah, A.M.N., Elsubai, I.S., Qureshi, N.A., et al. (2019). The medical perspective of cupping therapy: Effects and mechanisms of action. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9(2), 90–97.

Studies

• Mehta, P. & Dhapte, V. (2015). Cupping therapy: A prudent remedy for a plethora of medical ailments. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(3), 127-134.
• Michalsen, A., Bock, S., Lüdtke, R., Rampp, T., Baecker, M., Bachmann, J., Langhorst, J., & Musial, F. (2009). Effects of Traditional Cupping Therapy in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pain, 10(6), 601-608.

Further reading

• Cao, H., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2012). An updated review of the efficacy of cupping therapy. PloS one, 7(2), e31793.
• Farhadi, K., Schwebel, D.C., Saeb, M., Choubsaz, M., Mohammadi, R., & Ahmadi, A. (2009). The Effectiveness of Wet-Cupping for Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 17(1), 9-15.
• Kim, J.I., Lee, M.S., Lee, D.H., Boddy, K., & Ernst, E. (2011). Cupping for treating pain: A systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 467014.